Programming Languages
Pick a language to see an overview, a full beginner-to-advanced learning path, and a cheat sheet.
Popular (17)
PHP
A widely-used server-side scripting language especially suited for web development, powering platfor...
JavaScript
The programming language of the web browser, also widely used on the server via Node.js. Dynamically...
Python
A general-purpose language known for readable syntax and a huge ecosystem, widely used for web backe...
Java
A statically-typed, object-oriented language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Known for...
C
A small, low-level language that compiles directly to machine code with no runtime or garbage collec...
TypeScript
A statically-typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. Adds a type system on t...
C++
A statically-typed, compiled language that extends C with classes, templates, and a large standard l...
C#
A modern, statically-typed language from Microsoft running on .NET — used for web backends (ASP.NET...
Go
A small, statically-typed, compiled language from Google with built-in concurrency — widely used for...
Rust
A compiled systems language focused on memory safety without a garbage collector — its ownership mod...
Ruby
A dynamic, object-oriented scripting language designed for programmer happiness and readable code —...
Swift
A fast, safe, modern compiled language from Apple — the main language for building iPhone, iPad, Mac...
Kotlin
A modern, concise, null-safe language from JetBrains that runs on the JVM — the recommended language...
Dart
A client-optimized, null-safe language from Google — the language behind Flutter, used to build apps...
R
A language built for statistics and data analysis — widely used by data scientists, statisticians, a...
Scala
A concise, strongly typed language for the JVM that blends object-oriented and functional programmin...
Lua
A small, fast, embeddable scripting language — used to script games (Roblox, LÖVE, World of Warcraft...
Web Development (6)
PHP
A widely-used server-side scripting language especially suited for web development, powering platfor...
JavaScript
The programming language of the web browser, also widely used on the server via Node.js. Dynamically...
TypeScript
A statically-typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. Adds a type system on t...
Ruby
A dynamic, object-oriented scripting language designed for programmer happiness and readable code —...
HTML
The markup language of the web — it describes the structure and meaning of every web page, from head...
CSS
The style sheet language of the web — it controls how HTML looks, from colors and fonts to responsiv...
Backend & Enterprise (16)
PHP
A widely-used server-side scripting language especially suited for web development, powering platfor...
JavaScript
The programming language of the web browser, also widely used on the server via Node.js. Dynamically...
Python
A general-purpose language known for readable syntax and a huge ecosystem, widely used for web backe...
Java
A statically-typed, object-oriented language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Known for...
TypeScript
A statically-typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. Adds a type system on t...
C#
A modern, statically-typed language from Microsoft running on .NET — used for web backends (ASP.NET...
Go
A small, statically-typed, compiled language from Google with built-in concurrency — widely used for...
Rust
A compiled systems language focused on memory safety without a garbage collector — its ownership mod...
Ruby
A dynamic, object-oriented scripting language designed for programmer happiness and readable code —...
Kotlin
A modern, concise, null-safe language from JetBrains that runs on the JVM — the recommended language...
SQL
The standard query language for relational databases — used to store, retrieve, combine, and analyze...
PowerShell
A cross-platform shell and scripting language from Microsoft, built on .NET — its pipelines pass str...
Scala
A concise, strongly typed language for the JVM that blends object-oriented and functional programmin...
Groovy
A concise, optionally typed JVM language that works seamlessly with Java — the language of Gradle bu...
Clojure
A modern, functional Lisp for the JVM built around immutable data, REPL-driven development, and simp...
F#
A functional-first, strongly typed language for .NET with concise syntax and powerful type inference...
Data & Scientific (6)
Python
A general-purpose language known for readable syntax and a huge ecosystem, widely used for web backe...
R
A language built for statistics and data analysis — widely used by data scientists, statisticians, a...
SQL
The standard query language for relational databases — used to store, retrieve, combine, and analyze...
Julia
A fast, dynamic language for scientific computing, data science, and machine learning — as easy to w...
Wolfram Language
The symbolic language behind Mathematica and Wolfram|Alpha — used for mathematics, science, data ana...
SAS
A data-analysis language built around the DATA step and ready-made procedures — used for statistics,...
Mobile Development (3)
Swift
A fast, safe, modern compiled language from Apple — the main language for building iPhone, iPad, Mac...
Kotlin
A modern, concise, null-safe language from JetBrains that runs on the JVM — the recommended language...
Dart
A client-optimized, null-safe language from Google — the language behind Flutter, used to build apps...
Systems & Low-Level (3)
C
A small, low-level language that compiles directly to machine code with no runtime or garbage collec...
C++
A statically-typed, compiled language that extends C with classes, templates, and a large standard l...
Rust
A compiled systems language focused on memory safety without a garbage collector — its ownership mod...
Database & Query Languages (1)
AI & Machine Learning (3)
Python
A general-purpose language known for readable syntax and a huge ecosystem, widely used for web backe...
R
A language built for statistics and data analysis — widely used by data scientists, statisticians, a...
Julia
A fast, dynamic language for scientific computing, data science, and machine learning — as easy to w...
DevOps & Scripting (7)
Python
A general-purpose language known for readable syntax and a huge ecosystem, widely used for web backe...
Go
A small, statically-typed, compiled language from Google with built-in concurrency — widely used for...
Ruby
A dynamic, object-oriented scripting language designed for programmer happiness and readable code —...
Bash
The standard command-line shell and scripting language on Linux and macOS — used to automate tasks,...
PowerShell
A cross-platform shell and scripting language from Microsoft, built on .NET — its pipelines pass str...
Lua
A small, fast, embeddable scripting language — used to script games (Roblox, LÖVE, World of Warcraft...
Groovy
A concise, optionally typed JVM language that works seamlessly with Java — the language of Gradle bu...
Game Development (3)
C++
A statically-typed, compiled language that extends C with classes, templates, and a large standard l...
C#
A modern, statically-typed language from Microsoft running on .NET — used for web backends (ASP.NET...
Lua
A small, fast, embeddable scripting language — used to script games (Roblox, LÖVE, World of Warcraft...
Functional & Academic (4)
Scala
A concise, strongly typed language for the JVM that blends object-oriented and functional programmin...
Clojure
A modern, functional Lisp for the JVM built around immutable data, REPL-driven development, and simp...
Haskell
A purely functional, lazily evaluated language with a powerful static type system — used for compile...
F#
A functional-first, strongly typed language for .NET with concise syntax and powerful type inference...