Functional-Style JavaScript
Prerequisites: Arrays, Arrow functions
JavaScript supports functional-style code well: functions as values,
and array methods like .map(), .filter(), and .reduce() that
transform data without mutating the original.
const total = [10, 20, 30].reduce((sum, price) => sum + price, 0);
Preferring these over manual loops that mutate a shared variable tends to produce code that's easier to reason about, since each step is a pure transformation of its input rather than a side effect.